(TEHRAN) - Prof. Pirouz Mojtahedzadeh is a prominent Iranologist, geopolitics researcher, historian and political scientist. He teaches geopolitics at the Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran. He has been the advisor of the United Nations University and the founder and manager of the London-based Urosevic foundation. Mojtahedzadeh has published more than 20 books in Persian, English and Arabic on the geopolitics of Persian Gulf region and modern discourses in international relations. Since 2004, he has been a member of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature. Moreover, he has been a member of the British Institute of Iranian Studies since 1993. Prof. Mojtahedzadeh earned a Ph.D. in Political Geography from the University of London in 1993 and also obtained a Ph.D. in Political Geography from the University of Oxford in 1979.

Nowrūz meaning 'New Day is the traditional ancient Iranian festival and also the start day of Iranian "New Year".

Nowruz is celebrated and observed by Iranian people  and the related coltural continent and has spread in many other parts of the world, including parts of Central Asia, South Asia, Northwestern China, the Crimea.

Nowruz is the most important holiday in Iran. Preparations for Nowruz begin in the month Esfand (or Espand), the last month of winter in the Persian Solar Calendar

Spelling variations in English

A variety of spelling variations for the word "nowruz" exist in English-language usage. Random House (unabridged) provides the spelling "nowruz". recognizes only the spelling "nauruz" (and a contestant in the final session of the 2006 , Allion Salvador, in the United States was disqualified on that basis^.. In the USA, many respected figures in the field of language such as Dr. Yarshater at Columbia University have suggested to use Nowruz

Zaratushtra's Gathas by Bartholomae_Part I
Zaratushtra's Gathas by Bartholomae_Part II
Zaratushtra's Gathas by Bartholomae_Part III
Zaratushtra's Gathas by Bartholomae_Part IV
Zaratushtra's Gathas by Bartholomae_Part V
Avesta_Yasna: Haptan Haiti by Mills
Avesta_Yasna: Begining Part by Mills
Avesta_Visparad by Mills
M.N. Dhalla: History of Zoroastrianism
A. Jafari: The Achaemenians, Zoroastrians in Transition
A. Jafari: Iranians and Turanians in Avesta
J. Taqizade: Old Persian Calendar

According to the Diodorus Siculus' Historical Library, Artaxerxes III spent a year campaigning in Egypt and fought there for seven years. Egypt finally fell to the Persians. Nekht-har-hebi retreated to Ethiopia and claimed to rule from there. The Greeks and Persians fought over to him.

In 338 BC, Philip II of Macedonia defeated the Athenians at Charoneia, Persian king was Assassinated by Bagoas. And all the princes were murdered. Persians found a remained Persian prince called Darius III.

Persian-Greek Wars

In 500 BC, the Ionia revolted. They burned Sardis and war went on until the Persians defeated the Greek fleets off the Miletus in 494 BC.

The Ionian cities that had been allowed to have local autonomous, were now brought under imperial administration. Private wars between cities were no longer allowed but were arbitrated. According to Herodotus, Darius appointed his son-in-law Mardonius, eject irresponsible despots from Ionian cities and set up democracies.

The name Iran derives from the word "Airyana". This word is used in the Avesta- the holy book of Zoroastrians- dating 3000 years ago (maybe more) and changed to "Aryan-Shatr" and "Iran-Shatr" in the first centuries A.D. and finely ended in "Iran" in Firdowsi's shahname.

In the first millennium BC, some tribes of the Iranians moved gradually into the mountains area of Zagros, neighboring the Elamites in south, Assyrian empire in west and some other prior Aryans and non-Aryans in north.

The Scholars divides them to three parts. The Medes settled in north western, west and center of Iran, the Persians in south western and the Parthians in north eastern of Iran.

The reason is that these three major groups constructed 3 -Fourth, fifth and Sixth- "great eastern monarchies" (As English historian, Henry Rawlinson named) From 8^th Century BC, to 3^th Century A.D and after that the national-religious Empire of Iran was built by Ardeshir Babakan, called the Sassanid Empire, longing for 430 years. It ended in 650 A.D. the year that Yazdgerd III- the last Zoroastrian king of Iran- was murdered. And Muslim Arabs' conquer was completed in Iran.